EV Range Calculator

Cold temperatures affect EV range in two main ways: battery chemistry slows down (reducing available capacity), and heating the cabin consumes significant energy since EVs cannot use engine waste heat like gas cars. At -10°F, some EVs can lose 40–50% of their rated range. Modern EVs with heat pump systems suffer less than those using resistive heating. Pre-conditioning the battery and cabin while plugged in helps significantly.

Yes — this is opposite to gas cars. EVs are most efficient in stop-and-go city driving because regenerative braking recovers energy. At highway speeds (70–80 mph), aerodynamic drag increases exponentially, significantly reducing efficiency. A Tesla Model 3 rated at 358 miles might get 400+ miles in city driving but only 280–300 miles on the highway at 75 mph.

Regenerative braking converts the kinetic energy of slowing down back into electricity, which is stored in the battery. In city driving with frequent stops, regen can recover 15–25% of energy that would otherwise be lost as heat in brake pads. EVs with one-pedal driving (strong regen when lifting off the accelerator) maximize this benefit. Highway driving has fewer opportunities for regen.

Manufacturer EPA range estimates are based on standardized tests. Real-world range typically comes in 10–20% below EPA estimates for mixed driving. At highway speeds in cold weather with the heater on, you might see 30–40% below EPA. This calculator provides a realistic adjusted estimate. For trip planning, always factor in a 20–30% buffer and know the locations of charging stations.