Yield Rate Calculator

RTY is the probability that a unit will pass through all process steps without a defect. It is calculated as the product of all step yields: RTY = Y1 × Y2 × Y3 × ... . A process with five steps each at 95% yield has RTY = 0.95^5 = 77.4%.

Because defects compound. Each step's imperfection multiplies with others. Even if each step looks good individually, the combined effect can be surprisingly low. This is why RTY is the most honest measure of overall process quality.

First Pass Yield (FPY) is often measured only at the final inspection, which may mask rework done in earlier steps. RTY accounts for every defect at every step, including those caught and reworked internally. RTY is always ≤ FPY.

Focus on the lowest-yielding step first — that is your biggest leverage point. Use root cause analysis (Ishikawa/5 Why) to identify and eliminate defect sources. Even a small improvement in the lowest step has an outsized impact on RTY.